Artikel untuk ISLLE 2017: COMPLEX DIVERGENCE PATTERN(S) OF PEOPLE WITH DOWN SYNDROME IN SPECIAL SCHOOL TYPE C WIMAR ASIH (Khairina, Anjarningsih, Laksman-Huntley)

International Seminar on Language, Literature, and Education ISLLE 2017

 

Abstract

Speaking as an effective form of communication is one problem faced by people with Down Syndrome. They have disparity on their speaking instruments, resulting in articulation interference and communication difficulties. Articulation interference leads to divergence in the utterances produced by people with Down Syndrome, such as the omission of phonemes, the substitution of phonemes, the addition of phonemes, the omission of syllables, the substitution of syllables, and the addition of syllables. However, people with Down Syndrome, when uttering a word,  can make multiple divergences at once. In addition, they show inconsistency in uttering the same word; therefore, there is a shift in the divergences they make. In this research, the patterns in combination or complex divergence by a boy with Down Syndrome are analyzed to see what sound(s) tend to be uttered. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The subject in this reseach is a boy with Down Syndrome aged 16 years old 7 months, with 3 years old and 7 months mental age, and an IQ score of 22. Data corpus in this research is utterances with complex divergence. The findings of this research are five utterance patterns by the research subject, namely (1) the addition of consonants to words starting with vowel sounds, (2) the omission of consonants in the ending of the words, (3) the omission of one of the consonants in syllables consisting of a group of consonants, (4) the substitution of patterns from VC-CV or VC-CVC to CV-CV, CV-CVC, or CVC-CVC, and (5) vowel retention and no shift in words.

Key Words: phoneme, complex, divergence, utterances, Down Syndrome.

Ringkasan: Karakteristik Prosodi pada Penutur Autism Spectrum Disorder Tipe Verbal: Sebuah Pendekatan Fonetik Eksperimental (Tri Wahyu Retno Ningsih)

Prpmotor: Dr. F.X. Rahyono
Kopromotor: Dr. Lilie Mundalifah Roosman, Dr. Sugiyono

Tim Penguji: Dr. Afdol Tharik Wastono
dr. Asep Supena, M. Psi.
Dr. Myrna Laksman
Harwintha Yuhria Anjarningsih, Ph.D.

Sidang terbuka pada tanggal 23 Mei 2017


Autisme atau Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) merupakan gangguan spektrum yang dihubungkan dengan gangguan pada aspek sosial dan aspek kognitif. Gangguan autisme tersebut berdampak terhadap gangguan kebahasaan, yaitu abnormalitas prosodi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan karakteristik prosodi pada penutur ASD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan eksperimental atau model IPO (Instituut voor Perceptie Onderzoek) yang meliputi produksi ujaran, analisis akustik, dan uji persepepsi serta analisis statistik non-parametrik. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada persepsi. Subyek penelitian adalah penutur ASD yang berusia 7 (tujuh) sampai dengan 12 (dua belas) tahun. Subjek kontrol penelitian adalah penutur yang tidak mempunyai gangguan autisme dengan rentang usia yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara prosodi pada penutur ASD dan subjek kontrol. Perbedaan tersebut meliputi ekspresi prosodi, modus kalimat, dan kontras tuturan. Karakteristik prosodi pada penutur ASD ditandai oleh intonasi cenderung datar dan monoton, tidak mempunyai batas-batas tuturan, dan tidak ada kontras ujaran. Sementara itu, aspek segmental pada tuturan ASD menunjukkan produksi tuturan yang cenderung pendek, kurang ekspresif,dan tidak mampu memproduksi tuturan pertanyaan, serta merespon pertanyaan. Karakteristik ini berlaku secara personal pada penutur ASD dari tingkat ringan hingga tingkat parah atau abnormalitas.

Artikel untuk APRISH 2017: Relevant Font for Academic Texts: Study case on textual paralanguage in Universitas Indonesia (Syauqi, Laksman-Huntley, Anjarningsih)

Relevant Font for Academic Texts:

Study case on textual paralanguage in Universitas Indonesia

Choosing font for academic texts becomes the authority of each institution as there is no international standard for this. Many universities which publish academic papers, including Universitas Indonesia (UI), choose Times New Roman (TNR) as the standard font. Nevertheless, initiated by the change of Microsoft default font into Calibri in 2007, some institutions have considered Calibri a suitable font for academic writing. Although recent studies show Calibri has better legibility on screen, none of them uses aspects of sociolinguistics to score which font is better. This quantitative-qualitative study attempts to fill the gap by scoring formality of fonts in academic contexts. Respondents consisting of 255 UI students are asked to rate the formality of fonts using Likert scale and compare their anatomic features which might affect formality. This study finds TNR is still considered the most formal, with a big gap with that of Calibri, and that some features of TNR such as serif and dynamic stroke width, which are missing in Calibri, help the font gain formality.

Keywords: academic text, font, formality, paralanguage, Universitas Indonesia