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Characterizing agrammatic aphasia in Bahasa Indonesia
Harwintha Y. Anjarningsih, Ratna D. Soebadi, Abdul Gofir, Roelien Bastiaanse
*e-mail address: h.y.anjarningsih@med.umcg.nl or wintha_salyo@yahoo.com
Agrammatic aphasia is a language disorder that results after damage to language areas
in the brain, affecting grammatical/syntactic processing in both comprehension and
production of language. Stroke or Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA) is the most
common cause of all kinds of aphasia. Due to the increase of stroke incidence in
Indonesia, the need to provide good rehabilitation service for the general public, and
the current absence of a linguistic description of agrammatic aphasia, there is a need
to characterize agrammatic aphasia in Bahasa Indonesia. This study describes an
attempt to describe what is agrammatic spontaneous speech in Bahasa Indonesia, and
adds insights to the crosslinguistic discussion from structures that unique to Bahasa
Indonesia.
From the aphasia literature, the following characteristics are found crosslinguistically
in the spontaneous speech of grammatic speakers: non-fluent speech, shorter and
more simple sentences (as evidenced by Mean Length of Utterance and embeddings),
and reduced number of function words. Also of interest to our research group is the
inverse relation between the diversity of finite verbs and verbal inflection in the
agrammatic spontaneous speech that has been observed in the speech of agrammatic
Dutch and Italian speakers. Based on these, the current study to Bahasa Indonesia
investigated the following aspects in the speech of the speakers with aphasia: speech
rate, Mean Length of Utterance in words, sentence types (minor, simple, or
compound), predicates, syntactic particles, derivational and inflectional affixes,
accusative markers, and aspectual adverbs.
Based on the analysis on the speech of six speakers of Bahasa Indonesia who had
been clinically diagnosed as having Broca’s/motoric aphasia or aphasia with
nonfluent speech by a speech therapist and the speech of fifteen non-brain-damaged
control patients matched with the speakers with aphasia in age, gender, length of
education, and professional background, we replicated characteristics of agrammatic
aphasia which are found in the literature. Furthermore, an inverse relation between
diversity of verbal predicates and frequency of occurrence of aspectual adverbs with
verbal predicates was revealed, thus showing the possible existence of a general
problem with simultaneously naming an event and expressing the time frame of the
event faced by speakers with agrammatic aphasia. A more detailed explanation will be
given in the presentation.
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