The investigation reported in this article
aims to point out how the lexical and sub-lexical route is employed in normal
beginning reading in Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) and to identify reading
performance that may suggest the occurrence of impaired reading in Bahasa
Indonesia which is possibly displayed by the children with the lowest reading
performance. Ten typically developing third-grade students participated in the
study. Error patterns of the ten students are analysed for the error analysis
and for the analysis on the relationship between psycholinguistic variables and
reading performance. Five of those students were recorded during the reading
part and the data were used in the latencies analysis.
The preliminary findings reported here seem
to show that beginning reading in Bahasa Indonesia is characterised by the
utilization of the sub-lexical route and more skilled reading by lexical route.
The development of the lexical route depends on the development of the
sub-lexical route which is influenced by the complexity of the Grapheme Phoneme
Correspondence. The lexical route for words with simple graphemes are developed
first, the lexical route for words with consonant clusters developed later, and
the last to develop is the lexical route for words with digraphs. Furthermore,
Late AoA, imageability, syllable number, and resemblance to words influence the
lexical processing of the stimuli in the test. Impaired reading seems to be
characterised by less developed sub-lexical route as evidenced by difficulties
with words containing consonant clusters and digraphs and longer latencies for
reading aloud words and pseudowords.
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